Germany’s economy is in trouble. The government’s collapse and Trump’s return bring more risk

German Economy and Climate Minister Robert Habeck, left, talks to German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, right, during a meeting of the German federal parliament

The collapse of Germany’s governing coalition and President-elect Donald Trump’s imminent return to the White House are creating new risks for the European Union’s biggest economy, already in a troubling decline.

Germany’s economy has been shrinking for the past two years in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, war in Ukraine and competition from China.

Amid both structural problems at home and global challenges, Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s fractious three-party coalition failed to find a way forward on some key issues.

The situation came to a head Wednesday night when Scholz announced he was firing Finance Minister Christian Lindner.

The move effectively meant the collapse of the chancellor’s coalition, which relied on Lindner’s pro-business Free Democratic Party, and left the government bereft of a parliamentary majority.

The coalition’s breakdown followed weeks of internal disputes over how to boost Germany’s ailing economy.

Scholz said he planned to seek a vote of confidence in parliament on Jan. 15, a move that could lead to an early election by the end of March if he loses.

Germany’s next regularly scheduled election is not until September. In the meantime, he said he would reach out to opposition leader Friedrich Merz of the center-right Christian Democrats to discuss ideas for strengthening the country’s economy and defense.

But business leaders called Thursday for Scholz to act much more quickly to produce a stable government that is poised to tackle the crisis.

“Every additional day with this federal government is a lost day. We demand new elections as soon as possible,” said Dirk Jandura, president of the German wholesale lobby BGA.

“Germany needs an economic turnaround. We have to turn the tide before the waves get too high.”The coalition’s collapse came in the final hours of a day in which European leaders began to digest the certainty of another Trump presidency, which will have serious implications for European security and the economy.

“At the European level, political instability in Germany is not good news,” Antonio Villafranca, vice president of the Italian think tank ISPI, said, noting that a strong Franco-German alliance at the center of the European Union provided an important counterweight during Trump’s first presidency.

Trump has threatened a withdrawal of NATO commitments and a fundamental shift of support for Ukraine in its war with Russia. He has also threatened to slap tariffs of up to 20% on goods from the EU, (and even higher tariffs on goods from China), raising the prospect of a trade war with Washington’s European allies.

Tariffs would deal a sharp blow to German exports and serve another painful setback to an economy long powered by cheap and plentiful energy from Russia and large export markets.German industry still has not fully recovered from the shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Then came Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which led Germany and other Western countries to cut themselves off from Russian gas and oil. Competition from China, including its electric vehicles, has meanwhile forced German and other and European carmakers to lower production and lay off workers.

“Political developments over the last 24 hours have further darkened the already bleak short-term outlook for the German economy,” Carsten Brzeski, global head of macro at Dutch banking firm ING, said.

“A second term in office for Donald Trump in the U.S., with the expected new trade tensions, will hit the German economy, which has 10% of its exports going into the U.S.,” Brzeski said in a note published Thursday.

“It doesn’t require a lot of imagination to see U.S. tariffs on European cars sending the German automotive industry into deeper problems.”Other analysts say Trump’s embrace of tariffs might actually benefit Germany’s automobile industry, whose woes have been one of the reasons for the weakening economy.

While Trump has threatened to impose new tariffs on European products, President Joe Biden already placed 100% tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles vehicles, which are flooding the global market.

“Trump can save the German automotive sector” by keeping the tariffs on Chinese EVs, said Daniel Gros, director of the Institute for European Policymaking at Milan’s Bocconi University.

“The United States is the only market in the world where German carmakers don’t encounter much competition from China.”Last month, Volkswagen said it planned to close at least three factories in Germany, the first domestic closures in its 87-year history.

“Some factories will have to close, but perhaps fewer,” Gros said.Scholz’s firing of the finance minister came after his center-left Social Democrats and the environmentalist, left-leaning Greens had discussed plans for massive state investments.

The Free Democrats, however, rejected tax increases or changes to Germany’s strict self-imposed limits on running up debt.Scholz accused Lindner of refusing to find common ground on economic issues, including by publicly calling for what the chancellor said would be tax cuts worth billions for a few top earners while at the same time cutting pensions for all recipients.

“That is not decent, that is not fair,” Scholz said.Scholz’s Social Democrats, Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck’s Greens and Lindner’s Free Democrats, a party that in recent decades was mostly allied with conservatives, set out in 2021 to form an ambitious, progressive coalition straddling ideological divisions that would modernize Germany.

The government can point to achievements: preventing an energy crunch after Russia cut off its gas supplies to Germany, initiating the modernization of the military and a series of social reforms. But the impression it has left with many Germans is of deepening dysfunction.

“In view of the global political situation and the poor economic development of Germany as a location, we now need a new, capable government with its own parliamentary majority as quickly as possible,” said Siegfried Russwurm, president of the Federation of German Industries.

“With the inauguration of the new U.S. government at the beginning of 2025, uncertainty is expected to increase,” Russwurm said.